Creative Writing Antony´s Grave Essay - 863 Words

A chill shivered down Hannah’s spine as she proceeded through the rusty old withered gates of the cemetery and walked towards Anthony’s grave. With the sun was tucked away behind the grey clouds and black sky that over hung over, it seemed to be that days like this were always darker than the rest. As the overgrown weeds brushed past her legs, Hannah shuffled up to Anthony’s grave and placed a bunch of red magnolias beneath his moss and lichen grown tombstone. While placing the flowers down, she stood with the look as though a terrible weight was piled onto her shoulders. Whispering â€Å"Happy Birthday Anthony† into the grey sky, a single drop of pain welled up from the corner of Hannah’s eyes before the lump in her though began to engulf her†¦show more content†¦As the wind began to howl and the trees began to violently sway, Hannah and her mum stood with their hands in fists, looking directly in each other’s eyes. While the wind b ecame stronger and the leaves began to twirl around in circles, Hannah broke the silence with a sea of rage. â€Å"Being a donor baby isn’t exactly easy; especially with a mother like you. You’ve always been too wrapped up in your own life to even care how I feel, especially ever since you found out that I couldn’t help Anthony. I was no coincidence; I was engineered to be spare parts for Anthony†, Hannah yelled over the howling screams of the wind. As she turned her back to her mum and began to storm off, Hannah took one last glance at her mum and said, â€Å"From the day I was born I’ve always been treated more like an object than like your daughter†. *** Since arriving home from the cemetery, Hannah had not spoken a word to her parents; instead she sat blankly staring at her roof, while her thoughts and feelings filled the space around her. Fixed in a daydream, Hannah sat up from her bed as she became startled from the creek of the opening of her door. As the door opened, a dark figure stood in the middle of the doorway, while the light from the rest of the house consumed every wall of her room. Shadows began to move from wall to wall as Hannah’s mum made her way over to Hannah’s bed. Seeing her mum standing at the end of her bed, Hannah let out a loud sigh as rolled over into her pillow. â€Å"I don’tShow MoreRelatedLiterary Group in British Poetry5631 Words   |  23 Pagesthe English language had been widely used outside England. In the 21st century, only a small percentage of the worlds native English speakers live in England, and there is also a vast population of non-native speakers of English who are capable of writing poetry in the language. A number of major national poetries, including the American, Australian, New Zealand, Canadian and Indian poetry have emerged and developed. Since the establishment of the Irish Republic in 1922, only poets from Northern IrelandRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesand this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This

Teaching Personal Philosophy and Tools Essay - 1187 Words

Teaching is a lifelong learning process. It involves the learning of new strategies, philosophies, and methods. I can learn from colleagues, parents, classes, and from the students themselves. I want my students to take responsibility for their learning. I want to give them the tools to help become successful in their life. I think it is my responsibility to provide an educational environment that is encouraging and positive. As I reexamine my philosophy my belief that each child is a unique individual is strengthened. I have come to realize, and research supports, just how important a safe, caring, stimulating, and motivating environment is to a child’s learning. This environment is one in which a child can grow†¦show more content†¦Education should enable an individual to discover his or her talents and how he or she can contribute to the community. Education should teach us to think. It should equip us with the power to make effective decisions. In the Conceptual Frame work it states one of the four main goals is Problem solving for Progress. Through problem solving students are able to test what they know and what they need to find out to solve a problem. It is through the acts of problem solving teachers and their students’ progress in their learning and in their thinking skills. I must be sure to include problem solving activities in my classroom. I want my stude nts to make connections with the material I teach and how it applies to their lives. As an educator it is myresponsibility to provide opportunities for my students to discover and practice skills. I believe children learn from doing. Providing students access to hands-on activities and allowing time and space to use materials reinforce the skills/material. Students should be given the time and opportunity to practice and solve problems through groups and individual activities. Technology in the classroom has steadily grown over the past few years. I feel it has become an essential part of the classroom today. The use of technology and the information it can provide is available and I need to implement it in my lessons. Technology opens up a new and exciting avenue for teachers to use. I realize,Show MoreRelatedEssay Theoretical Stance on Learning and Teaching Mathematics1495 Words   |  6 PagesStance for the Teaching of Mathematics – As a pre-service teacher, my philosophy of teaching Mathematics is based on a constructivist, student-centred approach. I have learned, through my practicum experiences, as well as Mathematics Education courses, which advocate this approach, that it is the most effective way to teach Mathematics. This essay will explicitly describe my philosophy, as well as explain and justify the specific teaching and learning strategies related to this philosophy, supportedRead MoreEducational Philosophy Reflection1539 Words   |  7 Pagesof education that I experience until I graduated high school. When I decided to go into teaching it was an easy decision for me to want to not provide this type of experience to my students. Early in the education program, Bud Stefanski posed us the question about our educational philosophy in the Foundations of Education class. When answering that question, I was 100% progressivism in my education philosophy students should only learn through hands-on experi ences and not be forced to sit at a deskRead More Educational Philosophies Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesEducational Philosophies Many different ideas of the correct educational philosophy exist. Highly acclaimed psychologists and educators developed these varying philosophies. Each of these philosophies have their strengths and weaknesses and have their positives and negatives in different situations. It is our job as educators to sift through this list of philosophies to find our own style and philosophy. We must research the pros and cons of each philosophy and pick and choose which sectionsRead MorePhilosophy: Education and Children759 Words   |  4 PagesBeliefs about teaching and learning Being an educator means that you are someone who cares and wants to see children be successful in your class and in their futures. The reason I want to become an educator is to make a difference in a childs life. I have worked with children for over seven years and everyday I spend with a child I learn someone new, about them and about myself. I want to give back to the community in which I was raised. I want to show them that they have helped make me becomeRead MoreA Personal Philosophy Of Education Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesA Personal Philosophy of Education Introduction â€Å"Being reflective involves thinking about what one is doing, and why, before, during, and after the act of doing it (Sweitzer, 2003 p.264). I believe self-knowledge of the professor is critical for meaningful learning to occur. Self-knowledge through reflection allows the professor to embrace teaching through the eyes of a scholar; thus providing a diverse learning environment supporting engagement and motivation of the learner. This paper describesRead More My Educational Goals and Philosophy Statement Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesMy Education Philosophy Developing a personal education philosophy is a process that may never end, but I believe that I am in the midst of creating one based on my own experiences and the lessons I am receiving in college. After examining the various education philosophies outlined in the â€Å"Teachers, Schools Society† textbook by Myra Pollack Sadker and David Miller Sadker, I have decided that my present philosophy is an eclectic combination of Essentialism andRead MoreTeaching Philosophy and Rationale1001 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1: Teaching Philosophy and Rationale In designing a teaching philosophy and rationale, it is important to recognise at the outset that students or learners have different abilities, needs, cultural backgrounds and learning styles. Positive attitudes are sustained when classroom approaches centre on learning and not on teaching. For them to acquire knowledge and skills, they like to be engaged and encouraged where they partake in the processes of their learning despite their cultural diversitiesRead MoreThe Role Of A Teaching Philosophy Statement1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of a Teaching Philosophy Statement (TPS) Personal development is one aspect of gaining new information to enhance skills, abilities and overall knowledge. The development of a TPS, is a personal analysis of general concepts of teaching, learning, observations and experiences, transferred into the learning environment (Caukin, 2017). Consequently, the statement is intimate, insightful, with an inclusion of personal views of the aspects of teaching, foundation of learning, in addition toRead MoreReflection Of My Own Personal Development1637 Words   |  7 Pages2006). Research in this field has advocated reflective practice as an approach to professional development which positively impacts coaching effectiveness (Cropley, et al., 2012). This reflective report shall discuss, analyse and evaluate my own personal development throughout my first semester spent studying at UCFB, in order to develop new understanding and intrapersonal appreciation, and help explore my decisions and experiences, increasing understanding of self- management (Knowles, et al., 2006)Read MoreMy Teaching Philosophy Of Education1486 Words   |  6 PagesMy teaching philosophy of education is being able to recognise that all children learn in different and unique ways. I believe that all students should have a safe learning environment which enables them to grow physically, mentally, emotionally and socially. As a teacher, I aim to act as a guide for student learning and provide demonstrations and understanding to all students. More specifically as a physical education teacher, I aim to bring a positive and encouraging attitude to the students and

Gullah Free Essays

The recent rise in Black consciousness has created an extraordinary interest in the study of Black heritage and the preservation of Black culture in America. Many scholars and students are turning their attention to A frican-American cultural patterns, which have been long ignored and often scorned. Black people are realizing more and more that these patterns exemplify key features of their heritage and may offer not only clues into the past, but also provide guides to survival in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Gullah or any similar topic only for you Order Now As this interest gains momentum, African-Americans are looking toward the South, particularly to its rural and isolated islands where so many of the unique elements of contemporary Black culture have their roots. The culture of the Sea Islands is such a special case. The lack of contact with the mainland helped to preserve some of the important features of their African culture. Because the Africans that were brought to these islands were not sold and resold as often as those on the mainland, some of their ancestral family patterns remain even to this date. ——————————————————————————- A. Sea Islands Begin just north of Georgetown, South Carolina, and continue to the Florida border. It is estimated that there are approximately 1,000 islands along the coast of South Carolina and Georgia separated from the mainland by marshes, alluvial streams and rivers. 1. Some of the islands are bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and are as far as twenty miles or more from the mainland. 2. They range in size from the uninhabitable ones to John’s Island South Carolina, the second largest island in the United States.B. European settlement 1. The Sea Islands have formed the basis of a very profitable agriculture. 2. During slavery, the long staple cotton grown here was considered the best available anywhere and brought very favorable prices on the world market 3. The economy of the region was based almost entirely on slavery, and because of the labor intensity of the crops, very large plantations developed in this area. a. Some Whites owned entire islands containing thousands of acres of land and maintained hundreds of slaves to till the soil. C. Isolation 1.The isolation of the islands and the large numbers of slaves meant that the influence of American White culture upon African and slave culture was minimal. 2. To further enhance the development of a unique Black culture, there was the continual importation of slaves directly from Africa. a. The overwhelming number of slaves entering South Carolina during the 18th century came directly from Africa. b. The isolation of the islands made them a prime location for slave traders to land illegal cargoes of Africans after the Slave Trade Act of 1808. c. Africans were imported into the islands as late as 1858.D. Cultural formations 1. There was a geographical, social and cultural basis for the retention of many elements of African culture in the Sea Islands and the development of a distinctive African-American culture. 2. The word â€Å"Gullah† was once defined as the way of speaking of Blacks on the Sea Islands. In recent years, Gullah has come to mean not only the speech of Black islanders but also their culture and way of life. a. Food- traditional seafood and rice dishes â€Å"Hoppin John† and â€Å"Frogmore Stew† b. Arts-basket weaving, donning fishnets, pottery, and quilting. . The first American cowboys were the Blacks in the Carolina low country (Sea Islands). d. Contributions to American music are also evident. e. Tradition of fishing passed from one generation to another. f. During the slave period many of the customs the people developed clearly reflected African culture and post-bellum conditions enhanced their retention. Basket weaving is one of the dominant crafts of the region, and one of the oldest crafts of African origin in theUnited States. Crabbing and fishing are a very important part of the Sea Island culture.Sea Island children are intimately familiar with the ocean and learn the art of casting and netting as early as the age of three. E. Development of survival patterns 1. Philosophy and utilization of time. Older Blacks have a different relationship to time than many younger and â€Å"up to date† Blacks. 2. Environment coping a. Dealing with atmospheric changes F. Psychological and sociological issues. 1. Many Sea Island Blacks may have different self perceptions and attitudes as compared to Blacks raised in other areas. 2. The Sea Island Blacks frequently owned their land since the years before Reconstruction.Many of them do not know what it means to pay rent or a mortgage and to some the very concepts are meaningless. 3. The fact that the people were very isolated from mainstream culture, they could only survive by developing a posture of self-sufficiency and independence. 4. Many elderly Sea Island Blacks had very limited interaction with Whites. 5. Black activism of Sea Island Blacks a. Some of the earliest support for the civil rights movement came out of the Sea Island and Martin Luther King developed some of his major campaigns during retreats to the area. . Local independence and activism has its roots in the Reconstructionist Era and the Black majority in the area. c. A large portion of the elderly Sea Islanders registered to vote before 1910. G. Uniqueness of Sea Islands 1. They are home of a West African people called Gullah. They were captured from this area because the Europeans needed technology and labor to build their empires and America. The Gullah captives possessed skills (technology) in agriculture, science, animal farming, construction, navigation, government, and teaching. 2. The knowledge and need for farming and building in the Sea Islands required specialized skills that were found in abundance in West Africa 3. The isolation of the Gullah from mainland whites and other Africans allowed the Gullah to maintain a high degree of African culture. Also, the high concentration of Africans allowed a Gullah community to form an Afrocentric cultural entity within a European American cultural context. H. Gullah Dialect 1. The Gullah â€Å"accent† is much more than just an accent on the English language. Gullah, as a language, uses distinct African language patterns, and conceptual meanings. In other words, the Gullah language is uniquely African, with English words added to it. 2. One study says that the origin of the term Gullah and the Blacks came from the West Coast of Africa, but exactly where has not been agreed upon. a. One is that Gullah is a shortened form of Angola, the name of an African West Coast district lying south of the Equator and the mouth of the Congo River. b. A second suggestion is that Gullah comes from the name of the Liberian group of tribes known as Golas living on the West Coast between Sierra Leone and the Ivory Coast. . Gullah has been called the most African of any of our Black dialects, yet it can be traced back in practically every detail to English dialect speech. There has been an interchange of cultural values between the Black and White communities who have lived and worked together on the Sea Islands from the first days of settlement. The dialect was nourished in isolation and has survived with little change because of the continued isolation of its native area. The Parable of the Lost Sheep, Luke 15:2-3 King James VersionAnd the Pharisees and scribes murmured saying, this man receiveth sinners and eateth with the them. And he spake this parable unto them, saying What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness and go after that which is lost, until hefind it? Gullah Version En de Pharisee en de law teesha dem saat ta mek cumplain,say â€Å"Dis man sociate widsinna en ebn eat mong am. Now den Jesus done know dem binna nek cumplain bout am. So e tell am one parryubble, say â€Å"Supposin a hondad sheep blonks ta one a oona.Ef one a dem sheep done loss een de wood wa you fa do? Sho nuf, you gwain lef de ninety-nine oddares safe een de pasta. You gwain saach fa de one wa loss tel you fin am eni? † I. Sea Islands Today 1. Today, an estimated 270,00 people along the Georgia, Carolina, and northeastern Florida coasts speak of Gullah. The dialect survived primarily among rural Blacks who largely depended on farming and fishing. Many of these people are now moving into jobs in the various resort industries, which are springing up on the islands, thus ending their isolation. Nonetheless, Gullah has a way of surviving even in small clusters in New York City where its speakers are often mistaken for Barbadians. 2. Because many corporations are now building their resorts on the islands and the United States Marine Corps has established a training base on Paris Island, many sociologists theorize the Gullah culture will soon die out. Nonetheless, although the pressures on the Gullah culture to disintegrate and assimilate are great, there are a number of people who are making valiant attempts to maintain, and preserve this treasured culture. How to cite Gullah, Papers

Accounting Characteristics Pricing Models -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Accounting Characteristics Pricing Models? Answer: Introduction Financial analysis is a process of measuring viability and profitability of a business or a business project. It includes the analysis of the financial statements of the company, which are prepared at the end of fiscal year. It helps in assessing the liquidity, efficiency, profitability of its business and shows its overall finance structure (Vogel, 2014).This report contains a critical examination of the financial performance and position of Salesforce over the past three years and its comparison with its competitor company named as Cisco Systems. Both the companies are in the list of Worlds best workplace 2017, according to Great Place to Work Institute. The evaluation is done to know about how the company is performing in financial aspects and what it is contributing to the overall development of the country (Lee, Lee Lee, 2009). Salesforce is an American cloud computing company having its headquarters in San Francisco, California. Most of its revenue comes from Customer Relationship Management (CRM) product and is considered to be the worlds first CRM platform. Salesforce topped the list of best workplaces 2017 generated by the Great Place to Work Institute. The company sells products like sales cloud, Salesforce CPQ, service cloud, commerce cloud and many other commercial applications of social networking. It is listed on New York Stock Exchange with a symbol of CRM and is a component of SP 500 Index ("Salesforce", 2018). Cisco systems, Inc. is a multinational technology company operating in America. The headquarters of the company are situated in San Jose, California. Cisco deals in manufacturing and selling of networking hardware, telecommunications equipment and other products and services of high psychology. It ranked 19th on the list of best workplaces, according to Great Place to Work Institute. The company is one of the competitor of Salesforce and its people and products helps in connecting the society securely and seizing tomorrows opportunity today ("Cisco - Global Home Page", 2018). Financial data Consolidated income statement for past three years Particulars 2015 2016 2017 US$ US$ US$ Sales 5,373,586 6,667,216 8,391,984 Cost of Sales 1,289,270 1,654,548 2,234,039 Gross Profit 4,084,316 5,012,668 6,157,945 Operating Expenses 4,229,949 4,897,745 6,093,717 Income/loss from operations -145,633 114,923 64,228 Investment income 10,038 15,341 27,374 Interest Income -73,237 -72,485 -88,988 Other Income -19,878 -15,292 9,072 Gain on sales of land and building improvements 15,625 21,792 0 Gains from acquisitions of strategic investments 0 0 13,697 Income before income tax -213,085 64,279 25,383 Benefit from income tax -49,603 -111,705 154,249 Net income/loss -262,688 -47,426 179,632 ("Salesforce", 2018). Earnings Per Share Basic - 0.42 - 0.07 0.26 Diluted - 0.42 - 0.07 0.26 Consolidated balance sheet Particulars 2015 2016 2017 US$ US$ US$ Assets Current Assets cash and cash equivalents 908,117 1,158,363 1,606,549 Marketable securities 87,312 1,567,014 602,338 Accounts receivable 1,905,506 2,496,165 3,196,643 Deferred commissions 225,386 259,187 311,770 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 280,554 250,594 279,527 Land and Building improvements held for sale 143,197 Total current assets 3,550,072 5,731,323 5,996,827 Marketable securities, noncurrent 894,855 Property and Equipment, net 1,125,866 1,715,828 1,787,534 Deferred commissions, noncurrent 162,796 189,943 227,849 Capitalized software, net 433,398 123,065 141,671 Strategic investments 520,721 566,953 Goodwill 3,782,660 3,849,937 7,263,846 Intangible assets 490,006 1,113,374 Other assets 628,320 142,097 486,869 Restricted cash 115,015 Total assets 10,692,982 12,762,920 17,584,923 Liabilities and Stockholders' equity Current Liabilities Accounts payable 1,103,335 1,349,338 1,752,664 Deferred revenue 3,286,768 4,267,667 5,505,689 Total current liabilities 4,390,103 5,617,005 7,258,353 Deferred revenue, noncurrent 34,681 23,886 37,113 Convertible 0.25% senior notes, net 1,070,692 1,088,097 1,116,360 Term loan 0 0 497,221 Loan assumed on 50 Fremont 197,998 198,268 Revolving credit facility 300,000 0 196,542 Other noncurrent liabilities 922,323 833,065 780,939 Total liabilities 6,717,799 7,760,051 10,084,796 Stockholders' equity 3,975,183 5,002,869 7,500,127 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 10,692,982 12,762,920 17,584,923 ("Salesforce", 2018). Cisco Systems, Inc. Consolidated income statement for past three years Particulars 2015 2016 2017 US$ US$ US$ Sales 49,161 49,247 48,005 Cost of Sales 19,480 18,287 17,781 Gross Profit 29,681 30,960 30,224 Operating Expenses 18,911 18,300 18,251 Income/loss from operations 10,770 12,660 11,973 Interest expense -566 -676 -861 Interest Income 769 1,005 1,338 Other Income 228 -69 -163 Income before income tax 11,201 12,920 12,287 Provision for income taxes 2,220 2,181 2,678 Net income/loss 8,981 10,739 9,609 ("Annual Report", 2017). Earnings Per Share Basic 1.76 2.13 1.92 Diluted 1.75 2.11 1.90 Consolidated balance sheet Particulars 2015 2016 2017 US$ US$ US$ Assets Current Assets cash and cash equivalents 6,877 7,631 11,708 Investments 53,539 58,125 58,784 Accounts receivable 5,344 5,847 5,146 Inventories 1,627 1,217 1,616 Financing receivables, net 4,491 4,272 4,856 Other current assets 1,490 1,627 1,593 Total current assets 73,368 78,719 83,703 Financing receivables, net 3,858 4,158 4,738 Property and Equipment, net 3,332 3,506 3,322 Deferred tax assets 4,454 4,299 4,239 Goodwill 24,469 26,625 29,766 Intangible assets 2,376 2,501 2,539 Other assets 1,516 1,844 1,511 Total assets 113,373 121,652 129,818 Liabilities and Stockholders' equity Current Liabilities Short-term debt 3,897 4,160 7,992 Accounts payable 1,104 1,056 1,385 Income Tax payable 62 517 98 Accrued compensation 3,049 2,951 2,895 Deferred revenue 9,824 10,155 10,821 Other current liabilities 5,476 6,072 4,392 Total current liabilities 23,412 24,911 27,583 Income Tax payable 1,876 925 1,250 Deferred revenue, noncurrent 5,359 6,317 7,673 Long term debt 21,457 24,483 25,725 Other long term liabilities 1,562 1,431 1,450 Total liabilities 53,666 58,067 63,681 Stockholders' equity 59,707 63,585 66,137 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 113,373 121,652 129,818 ("Annual Report", 2017). Ratio analysis Ratio analysis is the most commonly used technique for doing the financial analysis of the companys final accounts. There are different type of ratios which are used to measure the liquidity, efficiency, profitability and the capital structure of the company. A comparative analysis of companys financial performance with the industry average or a trend analysis over the past years, can be done by calculating ratios (Fraser, Ormiston and Fraser, 2010). There are various ratios categorized as liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, efficiency ratios, activity ratios and capital gearing ratios. It is considered to be the most desirable method which includes evaluation of the financial performance by using current or historical financial data (Warren Jones, 2018). Comparing over the past 3 years These ratios indicates that how quickly a company can convert its assets into cash or liquid form. Calculation of these ratios is done to measure the liquidity of the company. They generally evaluate the companys ability to pay off its short-term obligations. There are two types of liquidity ratios (Zainudin and Hashim, 2016). Liquidity ratio Years 2015 2016 2017 Current ratio 0.81 1.02 0.83 Quick ratio 0.74 0.98 0.79 Current ratio: it is a type of liquidity ratio that determines companys capability of paying off its short-term debts with its current assets. It measures the relationship between firms current assets and current liabilities. Cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities are the current assets that company have, which can be easily converted into liquid form. The ideal current ratio is 2:1 and is calculated by dividing CA with CL (Saleem and Rehman, 2011). As per the calculations done, it can be said that the CR of Salesforce has increased in 2016 as compare to 2015 from 0.81 to 1.02, but the same has been reduced in 2017 to 0.83. The reason for this increase during 2015-2016 was a rise in the value of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. These assets can easily be converted into cash and can be used to pay the short term debt. In 2017, the ratio is reduced because a large portion of current assets was engaged in accounts receivables, which can or cannot be convertible into cash within one year. Moreover, the value of deferred commissions and prepaid expenses has also increased as compare to 2016. Overall, there was a slightest increase in total current assets as compare to the change in total current liabilities from 2016 to 2017. Quick Ratio: it is also known as acid test ratio. It measures companys potential to pay its current liabilities with its quick assets. Current assets like cash, marketable securities, cash equivalents and account receivables are considered to be quick assets as they can be easily converted into cash. The ideal ratio is 1:1 and is calculated by dividing QA with CL (Krantz Johnson, 2014). The same trend follows in case of Quick ratio. It has increased in 2016 and then decreased in 2017. The reasons for the fluctuations are same as of in case of current ratio. The quick ratio of Salesforce over the past 3 years remains less than the ideal ratio of 1:1. Having a ratio of 0.98 in 2016 means the company can pay off almost all of its liabilities with its quick assets. A ratio of 0.79 in 2017 implies that Salesforce can settle 80% of its current liabilities. Efficiency ratios These ratios indicates how efficiently, a company is utilizing its resources to set off its liabilities. The ratios indicates the potential of the company to use its assets and manage its liabilities in the most efficient and effective manner (Tracy, 2012). Following are the efficiency ratios: Efficiency ratio Years 2015 2016 2017 Receivable turnover ratio 2.11 2.05 Creditor turnover ratio 1.35 1.44 Assets turnover ratio 0.57 0.55 Receivable turnover ratio: it presents how efficiently a company can collects its account receivables. A high DTR shows that the debt collection of the company is effective and that it is collecting cash from its debtors timely (Jindal and Jain, 2017). The DTR of Salesforce has reduced from 2.11 to 2.05. This implies that company is not collecting its receivables efficiently and timely because of its slow paying debtors. Creditor turnover ratio: it analyse the ability of the company to pay off its creditors. A high CTR is considered to be more desirable as it implies that the firm is paying off its liabilities frequently and regularly (Barman and Sengupta, 2017). An increase was there in Salesforces CTR from 1.35 to 1.44 in year 2017. This indicates that company pay off to its creditors very often and have enough liquidity for making the payments, despite of having slow paying receivables. One of the reason for this rise can be an increase in the value of Cash and cash equivalents during the year. Asset turnover ratio: it shows how well a firm utilizes its assets to generate revenue. The efficiency is measured by comparing net revenue with average assets. A high ratio indicates better performance of the company (Kieso, et.al. 2012). Salesforce ATR is slightly reduced in 2017 from 0.55 to 0.57. It implies that the companys ability making revenue with its assets is reduced in 2017 as compare to that of in 2016. Reasons being increase in purchases of fixed assets and in the value of strategic investment. Moreover, overall increase in total assets is more than the overall increase in total revenue during 2016-2017. Profitability ratios One of the main motive of conducting ratio analysis is to measure the profitability of the company or in other word to have an idea about its potential to earn profits from its operations. These ratios give an overview of firms profits made during a financial year. Following are the profitability ratios (Camilleri and Camilleri, 2017). Profitability Ratios Years 2015 2016 2017 Operating Profit Margin - 0.03 0.02 0.01 Net Profit Margin - 0.05 - 0.01 0.02 Return on Equity - 0.07 - 0.01 0.02 Operating Profit ratio: it indicates companys systematic cost control and profit earning after meeting all its operating expenses. A high operating profit ratio is more desirable than the lower one (Jenter and Lewellen, 2015). Calculation of this ratio gives an idea that OPR of the company was negative in 2015 and during 2016-17, it reduces from 0.02 to 0.01. One reason for declining operating profits is increasing operating expenses throughout the year. The operating expenses of Salesforce were continuously increasing from 2015. Net Profit Ratio: it is the most commonly used profitability ratio that represents the relationship between net profit after tax and total revenue. It shows the percentage of profit earned by the company with its operations after meeting all the expense including operating expenses, interest expense, taxes and preference share dividend (Kartio, Mirza and Shaikh, 2017). During the year 2015 and 2016, the net profit margin of Salesforce was negative 0.05 and 0.01 respectively, reasons being company was making loss during these years because the revenue earned during these years was not sufficient enough to meet all the operating and non-operating expenses. The trend changes in 2017, where company earned a profit of $179,632 with a positive ratio of 2%. The gain from the strategic investments and positive value of other income are added to the value of operating income, making Salesforce capable to meet all its expenses with revenue earned and make profits. Return on Equity: this ratio shows the efficient use of shareholders investment, by the company in order to generate profits. A high ROE is favourable for the company. Looking at the calculation of ROE, it can be said that, during first two years the trend was negative and it got reversed in 2017 when company had a positive ROE of 2%. Clearly the net income earned in 2015-16 was negative, making the ROE negative. Having a positive ratio in 2017 indicates that the company has earned profits and is performing better. It will be now able to give positive return to its shareholders (Penman, Reggiani, Richardson and Tuna, 2017). Capital structure ratios The ratios which tells about the overall capital structure of the company are known as capital structure ratios. In other words, these ratios refer to the degree of long term financing of a business (Bragg, 2012). Capital structure ratio Years 2015 2016 2017 Debt- equity 1.69 1.55 1.34 Interest coverage ratio 1.99 - 1.59 - 0.72 Debt-equity ratio: it compare the total debt of a firm with its total equity. A high D/E ratio indicates that the company has raised funds more from creditors rather than investors (Levi and Segal, 2015). A constant decrease was there in the ratio over the past three years which means that the portion of debt is reduced to an extent and Salesforce is raising funds from its investors. Interest coverage ratio: it indicates the capability of the company regarding its interest payments. Creditors generally used this ratio to know about the risk taking factor of the business (Ferrarini, Hinojales and Scaramozzino, 2017). In year 2015, Salesforce had a coverage ratio of 1.99 that means it was paying its interest timely. But the trend changed in 2016-2017 and the company reported negative ICR. Reason was the lack of income to pay the required interest expense. Comparing with Cisco Corporation Liquidity ratio Years 2015 2016 2017 Current ratio 3.13 3.16 3.03 Quick ratio 3.06 3.11 2.98 The current ratio of Cisco is far better than Salesforce. It has increased during year 2015-2016 and in 2017, the ratio was 3.03 which slightly lower than that of 2016. This implies that company has enough current assets to meet its current liabilities. A large portion of its assets is in the form of cash and less amount is engaged in inventory. Cisco is much more capable in meeting its short term debt than Salesforce. Ciscos Quick ratio is also higher than Salesforce, although declined in 2017. The ratio is more than the ideal ratio of 1:1, reason being it has more liquid cash in proportion to its liabilities and also the company is capable of utilising its assets in making investments rather than holding them in inventories. Efficiency ratio Years 2015 2016 2017 Receivable turnover ratio 5.96 5.70 Creditor turnover ratio 16.93 14.57 Assets turnover ratio 0.42 0.38 The debtor turnover ratio of Cisco is much higher than that of Salesforce. It means it collects its debtors more efficiently and effectively. It can convert its receivables into cash faster than Salesforce as the debtors do not take long time to make the payments. Cisco has higher CTR because it has enough total revenue to pay off its creditors timely. Increase in its total revenue is much more in proportion to that of in its total creditors. From creditors point of view, a company who can pay them back regularly is much better than the one who make delays in payment. Asset turnover ratio of Cisco is lower than Salesforce which implies that the company is not good at generating revenue with its assets. Increase in purchase of fixed asset can be one of the reason for lower ATR. Profitability Ratios Years 2015 2016 2017 Operating Profit Margin 0.22 0.26 0.25 Net Profit Margin 0.18 0.22 0.20 Return on Equity 0.15 0.17 0.15 Cisco has positive OPR throughout the years as compare to Salesforce. It has high operating profit margin that shows its potential to make more profits with its operations. From investors point of view, it is better to invest in it as the company manages its ongoing operations so effectively and efficiently. It will be obvious that the NPR of Cisco will be more than Salesforce, because the company had not occurred any losses in the previous three years like Salesforce. It is able to maintain its profits very well. In comparison to Salesforce, return on equity of Cisco is higher and has also increased during 2015-2016. Looking at the profits earned, it can be said that the company is performing better and is providing high returns to its investors. Capital structure ratio Years 2015 2016 2017 Debt- equity 0.90 0.91 0.96 Interest coverage ratio 14.01 12.60 8.95 Cisco has low debt equity ratio as compare to Salesforce, which means the company is favourable to both creditors and investors. Having a low ratio indicates that most of the funds are raised through investors rather than creditors. There has been an increase in the stockholders equity of Cisco whereas accounts payables remains almost same over the past three years. The interest coverage ratio of Cisco has decreased during the years that is from 14.01% to 8.95% in 2017. This implies that companys ability of paying its interest expenses has reduced because of the increase in the interest expenditure over the periods and lack of funds. Though the ratio is more than the ratio of Salesforce. Conclusion As per the above analysis and interpretation, it can be said that the performance of Salesforce has improved in the year 2017. In the previous years, the company was occurring losses, but the trend changed in 2017 where it made a profit of $179,632. Though the company topped the list of best workplaces but, financially its performance was not promising in the past three years. Moreover, comparing it with Cisco systems, Inc., the latter company performed pretty well in its past years. Cisco is performing better than Salesforce at all grounds including profitability, efficiency and liquidity. References Annual Report. (2017).Cisco.com. Retrieved 17 January 2018, from https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/annual-report/2017-annual-report-full.PDF Barman, A.N. and Sengupta, P.P. (2017). DETERMINANTS OF PROFITABILITY IN INDIAN TELECOM INDUSTRY USING FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS.International Journal of Research in Management Social Science, p.25. Bragg, S. M. (2012). 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